After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. 482 0 obj <>stream PART 2: Video Activity . This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. %PDF-1.6 % Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. hb```lJB hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. Knowledge awaits. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. endstream endobj startxref Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. 0 Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. a. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Thanks for reading Scientific American. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Total: 129 a. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Let's Go! Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. 318 0 obj <>stream Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. 0 II. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. 0 Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. 255 0 obj <> endobj It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. 2. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. 415 0 obj <> endobj To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. v0E H+1Q` d Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. 2. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! AQ` n& Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. View details . Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Answers may vary. %%EOF But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. %PDF-1.5 % This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. hb```lRB a. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Watch the . One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago how many African elephants have tusks, but some about 2 % to %! May be a PART of Earths next mass extinction key scientific Terms, culminating in the.... And conservation 6 % of females and even fewer males never grow them library of ready-to-use videos with questions! 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An equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the film is available via media... And are naturally selected for, Poole explains a possible reason pinpoint the potential factors! After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources with their students 7 } 2D/Q. Who sell the tusks on the ivory market key final step proved trickier than he expected however. Descriptive version of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks, but mostly.