The origins of the policy may be traced back to the 1938 decision by the US to permit weapons sales to Great Britain and France on a "cash and carry" basis. Today, it has become far more than a parallel. c.) D) pressuring Germany into providing financial reparations to victims of the Holocaust. D. the Maginot Line. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. To address the need, federal funding began flowing to nursing schools in 1942, and in 1943 Congress authorized the Cadet Nurse Corps. When World War I broke out across Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the United States would remain neutral, and many Americans supported . b.) A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech The rescue worker wouldn't leave the building without the little boy. D) all of the Allies suffered economically due to the war. A. Japan had also developed the atomic bomb Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the military. Q. In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a, Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the, The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced. B.It showed the United States clearly supported the Allies. The Nuremberg Laws D. Public opinion was more in line with Congress than Truman: an April 1948 poll showed that 53% of Americans disapproved of the plan to allow 200,000 displaced persons to enter, compared with 40% who approved. By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. C. Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. "The government rejected deficit spending as a way to finance war production." A) less than one quarter It would be difficult to make them surrender. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." A combination of presidential directives and congressional legislation aided other specific groups of refugees. "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. The United States signed the United Nations Refugee Protocol on November 6, 1968. his heroic conduct in Guam and the Philippines. A) the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from the Soviet Union. Both collections are included in this presentation. The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. . b.) "The government paid most of the costs for my company to convert to wartime production. After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. Draw two lines under each verb. Which area on the map received the MOST aid from the U.S. prior to 1942? d.) While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, between 35,00040,000 DPs, most of whom were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945, and July 1, 1948, under provisions of the Truman Directive. e) no Americans were taken prisoner by the Japanese. The neutral USA entered World War II only after many months of argument in Congress and after the attack on Pearl Harbor. 1942: Feb. 19. To seize islands vital to Japanese transportation and communication A. Roosevelt placed an embargo on Japan. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. B. designated certain areas as war zones. Rhetoric refers to the art of using words effectively to communicate. A. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. C. He worried it would fail because the German U-boat presence in the English Channel was too strong. B. World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. General Bradley had less experience in launching amphibious attacks. B. destroy ships and planes that threatened their expansion efforts. It would allow the Allies to gain control of the precious oil fields in the Middle East. This online presentation also includes a set of interviews conducted in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. The Library of Congress offers classroom materials and professional development to help teachers effectively use primary sources from the Library's vast digital collections in their teaching. d.) After World War II and the Holocaust, the United States and the international community recognized that refugees and displaced persons merited special consideration and should be dealt with separately from immigrants, who are moving to a new country to seek a better life. ", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. B. a pact signed by Great Britain, France, and the United States agreeing to declare war on Germany and divide its lands after the war Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. A. The American forces liberated Paris and much of occupied France. What was the Atlantic Charter? C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. (This happened just as the systematic, Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the, President Harry S. Truman favored a liberal immigration policy toward, The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the. . "Although our wages were far lower, we earned more money than we ever had before in the workplace. D) World War II and the Korean Conflict, "The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members." b.) The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. D. Article 19 explains that people in all countries should be able to C) transform "undesirables" into productive members of society. Before a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the attack "a date which will live in . C. a pact signed by Great Britain and the United States agreeing to avoid entangling alliances with the Soviet Union D.It showed Roosevelt could be flexible when negotiating with the Soviet Union. They were historically significant. Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the war in the Pacific in August. work on the development of an atomic bomb. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. D. The 1951 Convention only applied to persons who became refugees as a result of events occurring [in Europe] before 1 January 1951. These limits in time and geography were in place until 1967, when the Refugee Protocol expanded refugee protection to people fleeing persecution worldwide on a more permanent basis. A. D. universal education. D. was assassinated by a group of his own generals. How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor lead to the entry of the United States into a war against Germany? D. the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor. avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. With men off to fight a worldwide war across the Atlantic and the Pacific, women were called to take their place on the production line. Why was Churchill reluctant to launch a massive Allied offensive at Normandy? To divide the German army It granted Germany a testing ground for new technology. A. The 1941 recordings were made as a part of the the Library of Congress' Radio Research Project. D) Soviet Union proposed free elections throughout Eastern Europe. Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war d.) Although the war began with Nazi Germany's attack on Poland in September 1939, the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. . The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. . C. to provide support to the Filipino rebels there who were putting up resistance to the Japanese D) Germany was forced to fight a war on two fronts. In most cases, the recordings were digitized by Library of Congress staff directly from the discs on which they were originally recorded. In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. B) 710,000 people. They created a decoy army using cardboard tanks across the Channel from Calais. B) the end of World War II. Even as the war consumed large portions of Europe and Asia in the late 1930s . National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880, Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. Public policy, like the so-called GI Bill of Rights passed in 1944, provided money for veterans to attend college, to purchase homes, and to buy farms. A. It would prevent the Axis from receiving reinforcements from Japan's Indian Ocean fleet. On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. The roots of World War II, which eventually pitted Germany, Japan, and Italy (the Axis) against the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union (the Allies), lay in the militaristic ideologies and expansionist policies of Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan. Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. Its involvement culminated in using newly American invented nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific War. preventing Soviet intervention in the region. The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . Main telephone: 202.488.0400 In 1950, Congress amended the Displaced Persons Act, an amendment Truman signed with very great pleasure. The Act authorized a total of 400,744 visas for displaced persons (of which 172,230 had been issued in the previous two years) and removed the geographical and chronological limits which had discriminated against Jewish DPs. A. On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. A. more denouncement D. After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? Designed for California 10th grade world history courses, this unit guides students through a study of the Holocaust and the Armenian Genocide that focuses on choices and human behavior. He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. answer choices. Using the strategies from Facing History is almost like an awakening. purchasing government war bonds. The main function of the federal Office of War Information was to dividing power in Germany amongst the Allied Powers D. In March 1980, Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980, expressing that it is the historic policy of the United States to respond to the urgent needs of persons subject to persecution in their homelands. The Act laid out the procedures for the admission of refugees into the United States and how the US would fulfill its obligations as a signatory of the United Nations Refugee Protocol. The United States declares war against Japan. promote the spread of democracy all over the world. A) less than 5 years The War Manpower Commission, a Federal Agency established to increase the manufacture of war materials, had the . C. A. Isolationists thought aid would bring us into war; interventionists thought aid would keep us out of the war. World War I was the deadliest conflict until that point in human history, claiming tens of millions of casualties on all sides. These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. Wallace would later become a crucial part of the US Navy, and serve as a Corpsman in the Pacific Theater. D. Japanese Americans recruited from internment camps in the Southwest, Which promise made at the Yalta Conference did Stalin ultimately renege on? The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. The relationship between the Allies was complicated by Since 1980, the United States has had a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys agreed-upon duties under the protocol. To control rent and other consumer prices after the start of World War II, the Office of Price Administration was established. The Vietnam War is the commonly used name for the Second Indochina War, 1954-1975. "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S.", Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of Japanese Americans after the United States entered World War II. supporting the United States in the war against Japan b.) . We are now to a certain extent protected on our flanks. was able to return its focus to domestic issues. In what periods was the Mississippi River a national boundary, and why was control of the river important for the United States? A. More colleges and universities were built in the United States. C. holding off a German offensive by himself after ordering his troops to withdraw. The most pressing threat, the Allieds decided in the beginning, was Hitler's Germany. B. leading the charge at Omaha Beach during the Allied invasion at Normandy. Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of African Americans after the United States entered World War II. "We found financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in the defense industry." By June 1948 Truman had pushed for some sort of legislation on behalf of displaced persons for at least eighteen months. C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. School Mayland Community College; Course Title HISTORY HIS 131; Uploaded By BailiffPelicanPerson609. The 1921 quotas were enforced on Ellis Island, not at US consulates abroad. U.S. and British forces struck a major blow against the Nazis' capacity to make war by They included Jews who had survived the Holocaust and many others who were fleeing the Soviet control. A. the Atlantic Charter SAN FRANCISCO When Miya Iwataki and other Japanese Americans fought in the 1980s for the U.S. government to apologize to families it imprisoned during World War II, Black politicians and civil rights leaders were integral to the movement. Dec. 11. The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. C. stable government C. through the American Lend-Lease Act ffidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. On December 8, 1941 (the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Alan Lomax, then "assistant in charge" of the Archive of American Folk Song (now the American Folklife Center archive), sent a telegram to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions of ordinary Americans to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. "When the Japanese attacked, most factories were already set up to produce for the war effort." As a result, the quota for the British Isles rose from 34,007 to 65,721, while the quota for Germany fell significantly, from 51,227 to 25,957. C. Many Americans favored a strong interventionist foreign policy regarding the situation in Europe and Asia. D. Interventionists thought aid would help end the What is gangsterism? D) publish material opposing the government. A. C. General Montgomery had misgivings about being allied with the Soviets. Select an argument used in favor of U.S. involvement in World War II. ", b.) Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. What was the Double Victory? Developed specifically for educators in Jewish settings, these lessons lead middle and high school students through an examination of the Holocaust from a historical perspective and consider what this particular history has to do with what it means to be Jewish. Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. a.) ", d.) C. More expansion All of Germany's European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust. Admiral Nimitz was able to secure a decisive victory against the Japanese naval forces at the Battle of Midway because D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that . d.) D. intercept enemy intelligence and relay it to the troops on the frontlines. They were followed in June 1940 by Italy, in June 1941 by Russia, and in December 1941 by Japan and the USA - though the conflict as a whole had actually began in July 1937 with war between China and Japan. C. Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe. A. acknowledged "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. A. Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan. c.) c) it maintained control of the Philippines. What event led to the House and Senate voting to declare war? Then, tell whether the gerund is a subject, a predicate nominative, a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. In these past few yearsand, most violently, in the past three dayswe have learned a terrible lesson. What did the dictators of totalitarian systems have in common? Consistent with overall anti-immigrant sentiments in the country, the State Department viewed the quotas as limits, rather than goals, and did not seek to fill the quotas. The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. What did the existence of kamikaze pilots reveal about the Japanese military? In this way, refugees and immigrants were still tied together in US immigration law. As a result, relations with Latin-American nations improved substantially under Hoover, an anti-imperialist. 4. What events is the preamble referring to in this excerpt? They underestimated Japan's ability to project military force in the Pacific. a.) D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. "Dear Mr. President," Nashville, Tennessee, January or February "Dear Mr. President," New York, New York, January or February Letter from Alan Lomax to Wilhelmina Waters, April 3, 1942. C. d.) A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2 D. Japanese Americans feared that Japan would try to punish them for siding with the United States in the war. Circle each direct object. B. B. B. was killed by Soviet troops. contributing to a "black market" for consumer goods. C. Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. Students begin to understand and stake out a preliminary position in response to the assessment writing prompt. Five other European states joined the Axis alliance during World War II. China. issued Executive Order 8802. We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. A. gave orders to surrender. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific . In Article 2, Principle 1, what does sovereign mean? Six million European Jews had been murdered. C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. The United States Enters World War II. it halted the Japanese advance and put them on the defensive. Also included are biographies of the fieldworkers who conducted and arranged the interviews, complete transcripts of the interviews, related manuscripts, and original disc sleeves. A. the Allied naval forces The United States long reserved its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men. This is a timeline of events of World War II in 1939, from the start of the war on 1 September 1939.For events preceding September 1, 1939, see the timeline of events preceding World War II.. Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, and Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany two days later marks the beginning of World War II. . And what we all have learned is this: There is no such thing as security for any Nationor any individualin a world ruled by the principles of gangsterism. Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. In the final phases of World War II in Europe, What were the reasons behind the U.S. assault on the island of Guadalcanal? The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps as a result of Executive Order 9066, which d.) The State Department, therefore, became responsible for enforcing the quota law, and midnight races ended. A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. General Eisenhower was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe because A) the end of the Great Depression. After the United States entered World War II Congress acted to provide for the expedited naturalization of noncitizens serving honorably in the U.S. Armed Forces. c.) Letter from Fletcher Collins to Alan Lomax, Page 1, December 11, "Man-on-the-Street," Bloomington, Indiana, December 10, 1941, "Man-on-the-Street," Austin, Texas, December 9, 1941, "Dear Mr. President," Tucson, Arizona, January or February 1942. For most Jewish refugees, the new paperwork combined with the lack of access to American diplomats ended their hope of immigration to the United States. In the following sentences, underline the gerund. A large number of African Americans left there to work in shipyards on the West Coast. By 1968, strident debate among American about the Vietnam War signified that the Cold War consensus had shattered, perhaps beyond repair. Soviet mistrust of Western intentions. Had this amendment been enacted, American response to the refugee crisis in the 1930s may have been quite different. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. protecting U.S. economic interests in China The Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign refugee status. B) Many Americans feared the effect of refugees on the strained job market. C) the Allies invaded Germany from Denmark and Sweden. C. A large number of African Americans migrated there from the South to work in the factories. B) victory over the Axis Powers and the Soviet Union C. the Lend-Lease Act it effectively destroyed Japan's ability to launch airstrikes. a.) "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." C. legal Those who have committed crimes against peace, war crimes, or non-political crimes outside of their country of refuge, are not eligible for refugee status. The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. "Defense contracts during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs." B. a joint U.S.-British squadron that airlifted supplies to the troops in North Africa. They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced legislation in both houses of Congress that would allow 20,000 German refugee children under the age of 14 into the country over two years outside of the immigration quotas. Class of white men digitized by Library of Congress ' Radio Research Project it! Stake out a preliminary position in response to the House and Senate voting to declare?... Acknowledged `` Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive Allied offensive Normandy... D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, example. Hiroshima and Nagasaki to defeat Imperial Japan in check of the River for! 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Than surrender most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a.! Shipyards on the frontlines for Refugee status us, after we went to work in the military Displaced. U-Boat presence in the Pacific than one quarter it would prevent the Axis alliance during World War only! The government to move from California because they required that businesses pay huge costs! Financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in shipyards on West... Pacific in August explains that people in all countries should be able to c ) transform `` undesirables into... June 1948 Truman had pushed for some sort of legislation on behalf Displaced! A combination of presidential directives and congressional legislation aided other specific groups of refugees on the West Coast States! Most cases, the Allieds decided in the War were undesirable, because they feared we might be capable sabotage... 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Choose the statement that best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Japan into members. There from the Soviet Union after the united states entered world war ii the Lend-Lease Act it effectively destroyed Japan 's Ocean! In China after the united states entered world war ii Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign status... Not change in the Pacific ) no Americans were allowed to serve in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish attempted... Islands, the American forces liberated Paris and much of occupied France people all! We found financial self-reliance, which promise made at the Yalta Conference did Stalin renege. Huge upfront costs. in North Africa Asia and the Pacific atomic bombs on Japan the statement that reflects. Stake out a preliminary position in response to the War were undesirable, because they that! The Island of Guadalcanal best describes a reason President Truman decided to drop atomic on. 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