There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. Germany's largest wooded area,. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. The name Europe, or Europa, is believed to be of Greek origin, as it is the name of a princess in Greek mythology. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. The U.K. also includes Northern Ireland, which is on another island. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy. The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. Flag. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. Iceland, having area of 103 000 km, is larger than Ireland (84 406 km). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. It's a multi-lingual continent. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. 12. The Sami culture of Scandinavia, for example, was deeply connected to the indigenous reindeer herds of the Arctic. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. Kazakhstan. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. Europes boundaries have been especially uncertain, and hence much debated, on the east, where the continent merges, without sundering physical boundaries, with parts of western Asia. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. The 4,506 sq. The volcanoes of Lemnos, an island in the Mediterranean, and Mount Etna, on the island of Sicily, were believed to be the forges of Hephaestus, the Greek god of fire. You cannot download interactives. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. When it . Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. Ireland: geography and landscape. This description is simplified. The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. Europe occupies some 4 million square miles (10 million square km) within the conventional borders assigned to it. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. Borders between existing nations, such as Poland and Russia, were entirely redrawn.World War II (1939-1945) left about 43 million Europeans dead, including about 6 million who died in the Holocaust. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. The population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005 according to the United Nations. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. 5. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. El "cambio climtico" abarca el calentamiento global, pero se refiere a la gama ms amplia de cambios que le estn ocurriendo a nuestro planeta. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. Holland is a nation of cyclists. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Updates? In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Slavic-based civilization dominates much of the territory occupied by the former Soviet Union from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. January average range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the northeastern part of European Russia. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. Many of the most socially and economically powerful elements of these societies will be led by immigrants.Developing countries, such as those in eastern and southern Europe, are expected to bear the worst of the depopulation trend. She or he will best know the preferred format. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. Have holiday homes to mainland Europe as mainland North America this page is printable and can used... 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