Notwithstanding, numerous other treaties - dealing with human rights, refugees, stateless people and the protection of political, civil and economic rights -indirectly afford protection for migrants; unfortunately, all too often, receiving countries flout these obligations. That's what makes it so shocking. The Danish. Islamophobia also underlies the assumption that Middle Eastern refugees are violent terroristsa sentiment echoed in Petkovs speech and Orbns comments that Muslim asylum seekers are Muslim invaders, accepting Middle Eastern migrants is importing terrorism, and all the terrorists are basically migrants. This assumption is a blatant fallacy of composition not applied to whites. What explains the difference? While this study indicates anti-Muslim bias among government officials, a similar 2016 study suggests that regular citizens exhibit similar tendencies. Unfortunately, extremists and right-wing politicians alike have used the sensitive political climate to strike fear and tensions. Since it was first implemented in March 2020, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers have been turned away. 1. Turkey, a crucial political ally in the region already overburdened with hosting almost three million Syrian refugees and managing a failing security sector, is not well-fit to host additional people.Sundays incidentwhen Turkish security guards shot and killed eleven Syrian refugees attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. According to the U.N.'s 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is "someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion." If there are too many refugees being housed in hotels, it's because the home office has been shown to be incapable of processing people quickly and letting them earn their own living. Today, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention centers have custody of approximately 54,000 refugees, asylum-seekers, and migrants. For example, instead of comparing refugee numbers among European countries, refugee numbers in countries bordering conflict areas could be considered as a point of reference. Another way to reduce anger at refugees is by identifying responsibilities for social disruption, and understanding that European countries welfare is rooted in a global economy that sustains poverty in developing countries (p. 1416).1. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. Does the Ukraine crisis reveal any other blind spots or systemic failures in migration policy and discourse? For example, a person who fears he might catch a deadly disease from refugees is reacting to a direct threat, but a person who fears negative changes in politics of the country, such as a significant increase in popular support for extremist right-wing and far-right parties, is reacting to an indirect or extended threat. LIMBONG: The Nigerian statehouse issued a statement today denouncing reports of Nigerians being denied entry to the Polish border. In addition, they found that every threat typeeven altruistic threat (concerns about the host countrys ability to care for refugees)was linked with negative views of immigration and refugees. The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined "refugee" (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), "escapee" (someone fleeing communism), and "expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). Job insecurity, poverty, and hunger can leave people with no other choice but to risk everything on a boat across the Mediterranean. The U.S. response to both crises should be guided by international law, our moral obligations and our history. Since 9/11, far-right terrorists have killed more people in the United States than Islamic jihadists. Furthermore, semantics matter. At least 2.5 million people need humanitarian assistance. Second, under the EUs temporary protection directive, any Ukrainian national who flees as a result of the invasion, plus his or her partners and children of any nationality, may receive permission to stay in any EU country for one year; previously, a Ukrainian passport permitted visa-free entry into the EU for only up to 90 days. And if you zoom way, way out when talking about refugees and displacement, countries in the Middle East, Africa and the global South have taken in more than their fair share of refugees. The EU report challenges her statement by showing that, rather than signifying asylum seekers lack of desire to work, the slow inclusion of asylum seekers into the labor market is a result of poor implementation: Many employers in Sweden are simply not aware that asylum seekers are allowed to work. Many more Haitians trying to avoid this fate are being detained in Del Rio, Texas. This stark contrast epitomizes Europes unequitable treatment of different refugee populations, with Ukrainians topping the refugee hierarchy. Lest we forget, barrel bombs are not the only threat to life. How to Handle People Who Are Eternally Evasive, Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters, No Dr. Spock for Black Parents: Lessons From Tyre Nichols, Research Shows Why Attractive People Are More Narcissistic. "Countries that had been really negative on the refugee issue and have made it very difficult for the EU to develop coherent refugee policy over the last decade, suddenly come forward with a much . Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. | king5.com. In contrast, non-Ukrainian refugees have been physically assaulted by Polish and Belarussian patrolmen; left to freeze in the winter; detained in unhygienic camps in Greece; trapped in limbo between Poland and Belarus; assaulted with tear gas and water cannons near the Greece-Turkey border; and bombarded with xenophobic and anti-migrant rhetoric, especially in Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia. infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients. For example, people are not eligible to make a claim if they have: been convicted of serious criminal . Central American and Mexican refugees ask why they aren't being treated at the same level as . People fleeing war-torn Ukraine arrive on a train from Poland at Berlins main train station on March 6, 2022. While not able to help everyone, the U.S. ensured that more than 123,000 people were safely flown out of Afghanistan and has already accepted 64,000 evacuees. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. According to new research, many asylum seekers experience discrimination on the Swedish labor market. I need ammunition, not a ride from the war-torn streets of Kyiv, Zelensky has become a vocal, defiant defender of democracy and civil liberties, while Putin has trampled Russians freedoms, invaded a sovereign nation, and authorized countless war crimes in Ukraine. Early refugees from Ukraine often had relatives outside the country and the means to reach them. I thought about the tens of thousands of refugees fleeing Ukraine and the tens of thousands of refugees who have had to flee their homes in Central America, Mexico and other parts of Latin. A few European politicians have also stressed that Ukrainian refugees are qualitatively superior by virtue of their race and religion to those from countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa and. That's less likely to be true for people who decide to leave in the coming weeks, said Steve. As such, refugees are generally asylum seekers who have been granted the right to asylum in another country (refugee status). They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. That's what makes it so shocking. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger returning them to the very places theyre fleeing. To receive Stanford news daily, Examining these six threat types, researchers tried to determine if only one or two of them might explain hostility toward refugees just as well or even better than all six factors combined. Not everyone is eligible to seek asylum. Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. Media coverage of the invasion is part of the reason. An anchor for Al-Jazeera English called Ukrainian refugees, quote, "middle-class people," in comparison to refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. According to DR's calculations, the distance from Denmark's border with Germany to the Ukraine-Poland border is 1,270 kilometres, and to the Syria-Turkey border 3,760 . She said she told U.S. officers that she was a victim of violence in her home country and requested asylum at the U.S. border. By giving all asylum seekers temporary work permits and cracking down on labor discrimination, member states with surplus capacity could gain a much-needed workforce and secure long-term influence in the region. To counter this trend, employers and NGOs in Sweden and Germany offer asylum seekers apprenticeships, training courses and special-track employment to help them adapt to the national labor requirements and enter the labor market faster. In practice, refugees and migrants apply for the same asylum, which has somewhat disrupted the easy management of these categories. About 18,000 refugees from Ukraine have arrived in Switzerland so far, with tens of thousands more expected by summer. But at the same time, the Biden administration has been quietly engaged in another series of evacuation flights, this time at our southern border. Furthermore, it is important to help the public understand immigrants do not have to give up the core of their identity (in terms of cultures and traditions) to be able to follow the law, find jobs, contribute to society, and make friends with people of the host country. Refugee The United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) defines refugees as those who have fled from conflict and persecution to seek protection in another country. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. This crisis requires countries that are accepting refugees to have . He has also done graduate work in clinical psychology and neuropsychology in U.S. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her home because of war, violence or persecution, often without warning. Refugees and migrants arrive to Europe by the same road; they also face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, as well as integrating into their host communities. The Dublin Convention has been divisive and especially difficult for Italy and Greece, which have struggled to accommodate migrants arriving by sea. Many refugees are coming from northern Africa and the Middle East, with roughly 50 percent of the population of Syria seeking refuge from war. For example, Ukrainians and Poles are fast-tracked across the border near Medyka, Poland, while everyone else must wait 14 to 50 hours to cross. In 2016, Hungarian leader Viktor Orbn described migration as a poison, yet he recently exclaimed that Ukrainians are welcomed by friends in Hungary. EU nationseven those with notorious anti-migrant sentimentshave opened their arms and borders to Ukrainian refugees with unprecedented generosity. One 2022 study examining over 4,000 asylum applications in France between 1976 and 2016 found that Muslims were less likely than Christians to receive asylum. What is threatening about refugees? She holds an MA in Near Eastern Studies from New York University and will be a PhD candidate in social anthropology at Columbia University in the fall. Why are asylum seekers treated differently to other refugees? Refugees are not citizens of the country of asylum and therefore have specific protection needs. Chief among these is the so-called " jewelry law " - a measure which allows the government to seize asylum seekers' assets, including their jewelry, to fund their stay in the country. More so, their action was a case study in poor strategic thinking. Statistics show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents and restrict their access to the labor market. Every threat type was correlated with unfavorable views of migration and refugees and with favoring more restrictive control of migration. With fewer resources invested in non-Ukrainian refugees, it may take longer for their asylum cases to be processed, prolonging unemployment, living precarity, and limited access to resources. In both the United States and Europe, the inevitability of multiculturalism and diversityand the resulting decay of white dominanceprompts nativism, racism, and xenophobia from the right. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. Its an undertaking thats demonstrated the ability of the U.S. government to bring tens of thousands of refugees to safety in America and marshal local resources to help them resettle in their new home. Ibrahim. You know, looking and seeing why African migrants aren't allowed to cross into Hungary is just as valid as just asking why Ukrainians are. Racism also impacts refugee treatment by influencing media coverage. In line with these recommendations, countries with high migration rate such as Germany, Sweden, and Italy offer asylum seekers temporary work permits while their applications are being processed. She is interested in comparative politics, immigration law, and German. Instead. 90 RB 0022). It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. Data from a project of Stanfords Immigration Policy Lab (IPL) has shown that the longer applicants wait for resolution of their case, the less likely they are to secure a steady job once approved in large part due to loss of motivation. As Abdelaaty describes, welcoming refugees [condemns] the government that caused their flight and can help further discredit that government in the eyes of the world, as well as its own people. Therefore, welcoming Ukrainians is politically expedient for the EU. Many Central and Eastern Europeans are empathising with. Guinean student Moustapha Bagui Sylla recalled, They stopped us at the border and told us that Blacks were not allowed. LIMBONG: Mahdis Keshavarz is a board member with the Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association, which put out a statement criticizing this framing, which Keshavarz says relies on old tropes. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. While we do not know the specific educational and skill profile of the now over 3 million Ukrainians who have fled, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries. Giulia McPherson is the director of advocacy and operations at Jesuit Refugee Service/USA. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. Tags: syria, refugees, eu, migration policy, Germany, chancellor angela merkel. Why are refugees treated differently? Work permits are a contested issue in the EU, since many native workers fear that the new labor force will steal jobs from them. As anthropologist Miriam Ticktin has documented, some even infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients and thereby gain residence. The United States has been consumed with the mass evacuation and resettlement effort for vulnerable Afghans in the wake of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. They are unable to return home unless and until conditions in their native lands are safe for them again. Landmann and colleagues in Germany conducted a series of four related studies to examine hostility toward refugees. 1, People want to keep their identity and their profession when they go abroad. For example in Germany and Sweden, so-called priority reviews specify that asylum seekers can only be employed if there are no suitable national or EU-citizens available for the job. By Muhammad Idrees Ahmad, a lecturer in digital. Data collected from three IPL projects shows that Muslim immigrants and refugees face higher levels of discrimination in Europe than those with a Christian heritage. How do you anticipate Ukrainians experience will unfold compared to that of asylees from Syria or North Africa? Defying Dictatorships: An Interview with Garry Kasparov, On Atlantic Alliances and Autocrats: An Interview with Jeanne Shaheen. She told us that she shared the name of a family member in California, and then boarded a plane, believing she would be safe and with her family in the U.S. soon. An anchor for Al-Jazeera English called Ukrainian refugees, quote, "middle-class people," in comparison to refugees from the Middle East and North Africa. Many cultures and religions have survived for hundreds and thousands of years partly because they are flexible enough to adapt and evolve. Asylum-seekers must not be forced back to the trauma and violence that theyre so desperately fleeing. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. labor integration of both asylum seekers and refugees will generate long-term economic gains, specify that asylum seekers can only be employed, to be recognized by the national labor system, many asylum seekers experience discrimination, perpetrators behind the Paris attacks had exploited the asylum system, 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy, argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year. All refugees deserve. In the past year, a record-high 65 million people have been displaced worldwide, including more than one million people who crossed borders into the European Union while thousands more died on the way. As they began to land, she was shocked to learn from the pilot that their destination was instead Mexico. Diplomas and qualifications have to be recognized by the national labor system, which depending on the level of education can take years. In a strategic attempt to halt irregular migration while maintaining her principle of a generous domestic asylum policy, Merkel has facilitated an EU agreement with Turkey. Refugees, defined by international humanitarian law as people in need of protection, are entitled to a privileged status. Work permits alone do not guarantee refugees employment, though. All refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. Iraq is reclaiming territory and yet faces internal conflict and a long road to recovery. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images). The majority of Afghans evacuated to the U.S. arrive without visas as humanitarian parolees, yet have been welcomed in the U.S. While refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. Religion is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees. With the recent mass shooting in Germany, some people are again asking why anybody would hate refugees and aliens (i.e. Is it a vague feeling of hostility or does it stem from specific unpleasant experiences or future worries? As they work out where to go next, it's not clear they'll find refuge in Europe. symbolic and realistic). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health Services. Arash Emamzadeh attended the University of British Columbia in Canada, where he studied genetics and psychology. The Biden administration must immediately halt flights carrying asylum-seekers back to Mexico and Haiti and fully rescind Title 42 so that everyone seeking protection can petition for safety. Laitin also offers insight into how European Union (EU) policy is supporting a surge of refugees that the United Nations has described as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II. | U.S. authorities are dedicating extra resources to pick up the rate of flights in order to remove them more quickly, saying six to eight flights a day will depart starting Tuesday. 2. An additional . The deal gives EU states free passes to return migrants and failed asylum seekers to Turkey. Help fund the NPR Illinois mission to inform the community by securing business sponsorships. Why? Refugee Children in U.S. Schools: A Toolkit for Teachers and School Personnel (Grant No. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(7), 1401-1420. Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. LIMBONG: The Nigerian statehouse issued a statement today denouncing reports of Nigerians being denied entry to the Polish border. The decision that wealthy northern European countries such as Denmark and the UK made last fall, when they dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility by refusing to receive any of the 120,000 asylum seekers relocated from the south, revealed their humanitarian priorities. The death of Alan Kurdi: one year on, compassion towards refugees fades: Toddler's death opened European hearts and policy towards refugees, but 12 months on those changes have proved temporary. The report shows that unemployment among third-country nationals in the EU is twice as high as among EU citizens, with Sweden revealing a particularly worrying gap between the total labor force and non-EU citizens actively seeking a job. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. These two groups are treated very differently, however, due to the prevalent stereotypes that exist about them in society. Refugee implies involuntary exodus, while migrant refers more to voluntary movement; therefore, the use of the latter undermines non-Ukrainian refugees requests for asylum. [vi] Immigration policies are allegedly based on principles like "the reunification of families, admitting immigrants with skills that are valuable to the U.S. economy, protecting refugees, and promoting diversity." Andrew Limbong is a reporter for NPR's Arts Desk, where he does pieces on anything remotely related to arts or culture, from streamers looking for mental health on Twitch to Britney Spears' fight over her conservatorship. Since the passage of the Refugee Act in 1980, the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, and since 1990 more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. : 'Labours Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper struggles to justify why refugees fleeing war in Ukraine should be treated differently to refugees fleeing war in Afghanistan. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. Witnessing how Palestinian refugees have become caught in a state of permanent displacement, many Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. This treatment also extended to racialized permanent . Attitudes also are affected by humanitarian concerns: When a refugee is perceived to have a valid claim or specific vulnerability for example, if he or she was a victim of torture support is generally higher. Esses, V. M., Hamilton, L. K., & Gaucher, D. (2017). In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from countries with comparably higher rates of certain diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, AIDS). Syrian refugees desire to work speaks to a broader sentiment, shared by many asylum seekers, that employment matters more than protection. That convention requires the country that first registered an asylum seeker to administer the application and provide housing. Treatment of Haitians at the border in Texas exposes double standard toward refugees These asylum-seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed. The Italian government has at times closed its ports to foreign boats carrying rescued migrants. Refugee Health: From the Public Health Perspective. KESHAVARZ: So as journalists, I think it's really critical that we look at that duality, and we question why that is. Similarly, as many EU members have already acknowledged, it is neither fair nor sustainable to let Mediterranean frontier states such as Greece and Italy, already crumpling under financial debt, host the bulk of the incoming asylum seekers. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. Governments and civilians around the world have vocalized their support for Ukraine and opposition to Russia; therefore, the EU risks international backlash if it fails to absorb and aid millions of Ukrainian refugees. 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