To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins. 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In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. By helping others, they asserted their worth while at the same time alleviating social ills. Give Me Liberty Ch. \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Male2302090Female2182448, b. The ideals of the Second Great Awakening played a large role in the development of this reformist impulse. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. \quad\text{Total Intangibles}& \$ 1,875,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, January 28, 1919 Download image resource Description The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1919, banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. In the early decades of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists. These groups sought to remove blacks from the United States either through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa. Americans consumed huge quantities of liquor in the early 1800s, including gin, whiskey, rum, and brandy. Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. The market revolution had changed American society in many ways. Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Eventually, however, he was captured, tried, and executed. In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. There have been many movements over time that has led America to where we are today. What are the other consequences? \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation Unlike the prevailing message of the Second Great Awakening in the Burned-Over district, the Mormon church was extremely patriarchial; women could achieve salvation only through obedience and submission to their husbands. In 1822, Charleston was home to a large African Methodist Episcopal congregation, as well as large numbers of Methodist and Baptist African American congregations. However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. \text{REVENUES}\\ \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ \end{array} \textbf{Current Liabilities}\\ \quad\text{Rosenwald Company}&125,000\\ - many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed. \textbf{Current Assets}\\ The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. \text{Sales}&& \$13,920,000\\ Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. The antebellum period of America was an era of change. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.01%253A_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Second Great Awakening in the South and in Appalachia, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. December 31 By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. The wealthy engaged private tutors and academies. White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. Additionally, some of the conspirators were recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended. The Americans made up a tiny minority of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s. Though many experienced the Second Great Awakening through revivals, others heard the message through the ministry of circuit-riding preachers. Over the next fifteen years, Smith and his followers migrated westward, from New York to Ohio, and then on to Missouri and ultimately to Utah under the direction of Brigham Young, seeking a place to establish a pure kingdom of Christ in America. Retained Earnings for 2013 She assisted in the research for his 1839 indictment of slavery, American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. One of the most prominent abolitionists of the era was William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. The amendment was passed after years of efforts by temperance societies throughout the country. For the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited. \quad\text{Dividends on Common Shares}&& (2,080,000)\\ "The Antebellum reforms was a new, more radical anti-slavery movement that emerged by the early 1830s. Add texts here. d. 12.0012.0012.00 There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. b. 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. Learn . \quad\text{Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ In part, this was achieved by a certain theatricality of preaching. Some of this came from a lack of understanding; in other cases, it was overt prejudice. Throughout New England, many Christians began to espouse Unitarianism, a sect based on the importance of human reason. Some, like Garrison, favored fiery calls and no moderation; at a rally in 1854, Garrison asserted that there could be no union with slaveholders and called the U.S. Constitution as the document that perpetuated slavery a covenant with death and an agreement with Hell. Others were convinced that their best strategy was to convince the public that slavery was a sin. One of the most widespread of the reform movements in the 1820s-1840s was the temperance movement, which called for reducing the use of (or abstaining from) alcoholic beverages. Over the course of the next thirty years, Dix worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the United States and abroad. Martin proceeded to use scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves to join the attack on the city. Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio became the first co-educational institution when it admitted four women in 1837. - the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens. Health sector reform requires several conditions that are difficult to achieve, especially in the lower income countries. Concept that empowered the women's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority and their own subordination. The church encouraged the formation of an extremely tight-knit community, driven by a strong sense of social obligation and a law of tithing which required Mormons to give 10% of their property at conversion and 10% of their yearly income thereafter. The antebellum period was marked by several major slave uprisings. Required \textbf{Investments}\\ The result was the creation of penitentiaries, which sought to transform criminals into law abiding citizens through hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from the corruption of social vices. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. Rumors spread across the South that the rebellion was not limited to Virginia; more African Americans were killed or arrested in Alabama, Virginia, and in other slaveholding states. In every state, laws restricted the political and civil liberties of free African Americans. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakening's basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. \quad\text{Total}& \$14,000,000 &\$13,200,000\\ Although black and white abolitionists worked closely together in the movement and usually worked well together, African Americans experienced racial prejudice even within the abolitionist movement. Questions relating to the financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow. In 1822 , a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina. During the 1830s and 1840s, Americans embarked on a program of institution building - jails for criminals, poorhouses for the destitute, asylums for the insane, and orphanages for children without families. What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions in this period of social The most significant success was that by 1860, more than a dozen states had granted women greater control over the wages they earned, and some even allowed women to sue husbands and fathers who tried to deprive them of their wages. His many autobiographies, including Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, were instrumental in giving voice to the enslaved and black Americans and inspired generations of black leaders and reformers who called for freedom for all populations. \text{Cost of Goods Sold}&&\$ 5,000,000\\ \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. \quad\text{Average Shares Outstanding)} &&\$ 2.68\\ He ended his appeal by writing, I will not equivocate- I will not excuse- I will not retreat a single inch- and I will be heard. Along with an immediate end to slavery, Garrison also espoused racial equality as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed. You should study the financial statements before responding to these questions and problems. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. The Grimk sisters were one example of the overlap in the reformist impulse between abolitionism and womens rights. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. After the rebellion, white authorities took measures to limit the threat of literate black congregations to the institution of slavery throughout the South. They were subsequently executed. William Miller, a Baptist convert and editor of the Advent Herald, preached that October 22, 1844 would be the date of the Second Coming, basing his predictions on Biblical prophecy. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ Additional information is as follows: \text{Bad Debt Expense} &&120,000\\ \text{Patent}& \$ 750,000 &\$ 875,000\\ The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. \text{Common Stock}& 2,000,000& 2,000,000\\ There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . Yet for the slave and free black communities, the movements message inspired several rebellions as a call to freedom. Preachers of the revival movement preached the equality of all before God but generally did not challenge the institution of slavery in much of the South. Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. c. 1,341.001,341.001,341.00 30.4130.4130.41 Merchants with commercial ties to the South. The Second Great Awakening encouraged this impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the desire to seek perfection. In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. Evangelical sects emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the primacy of scripture, the spiritual rebirth of believers, and the importance of proselytizing. \quad\text{Total Assets}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ In particular, women played a large role in various aspects of reform. Revivalist preachers traveled on horseback, sharing the message of spiritual and moral renewal to as many as possible. Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. Not all preachers took the same attitude towards women as Finney; many preachers in the north turned to the same passages and idea of Christian men as patriarchs to their wives, female relatives, and children that were used in the South to reassert the dominance of white males. \text{Equipment Mortgage Indebtedness}& 332,000 &1,300,000\\ This area came to be called the Burned-Over District due to the fires of religious zeal that had burned so bright that it consumed all available spiritual fuel in the region. Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. Gabriels brother, Martin, was recognized by the local black community as a lay-preacher. Also, become productive, self-disciplined citizens. Many kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement, and membership in some movements overlapped. In her letter, she explained how her activity in the abolitionist movement had opened her eyes to the oppression of women in the United States. Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. A Pew Research Center survey asked respondents if they would rather live in a place with a slower pace of life or a place with a faster pace of life. Veseys conspiracy showed that religion could be used as a weapon against slavery. The exhibits present a partial set of financial statements of Chicago Corporation for 2013, including a consolidated statement of income and retained earnings for 2013 and consolidated comparative balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2013. Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. The African Methodist Episcopal Church where Vesey preached was destroyed. "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. Women played a large role in education reform. In the aftermath of the rebellion, the panicky white population killed more than one hundred black men, free and slave. Turner, who claimed to have experienced religious visions inspired by the Holy Spirit, used Biblical passages and his account of the visions to recruit more than seventy followers, both slave and free blacks, and incite rebellion. When women joined in the abolition movement arguments, they began to realize and become concerned over their own rights. 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