Yes. A continuing nuisance occurs when the tree owner has knowledge of the existence of a nuisance and fails to take reasonable methods to put an end to the nuisance within a reasonable time. If your neighbour hasnt responded to the Notice for overhanging branches within 30 days, you may remove the branches yourself or arrange for someone else to cut and remove them. South Brisbane Qld 4101 Another option is to lightly spray vinegar over the stains. Frowning big sorrow, she laid a hand on the trees hardening bark as if to take its pulse and then she threw up the laughable idea that koalas might be to blame. If the neighbour takes no action after the matter is raised with them, the local council should be contacted. The roots are right against my fence. Would I be committing an offence if I poisoned the tree? A: You cannot poison your neighbour's tree. If you do then you could be committing the offence of criminal damage and find yourself facing court charges and a fine. When you call the Go To Court Legal Hotline, you will be connected directly to a lawyer, every time. You might also enjoy our post on If Your Neighbor Can Remove Your Boundary Fence Legally. E.g. You may be able to overturn a VPO through QCAT. 0000008009 00000 n And, remember to be considerate of your neighbor since trees can create a mess. When neighbors spray chemicals on your property, first tell them not to. Maybe they will let you manage the whole tree so they wont have to deal with it. You can check this by contacting your local authority. It has always seemed to me that, as there is a technical trespass which is a civil wrong (a tort as we lawyers say), then on normal principles your neighbour is entitled to damages (ie compensation) for any losses he sustains as a result of the trespass, which would include the costs of cutting back the branches. In some states, you get three times the amount of the tree, and they are fined reforestation fees. But as the tree belongs to the land on which it originally grew you must bear in mind that any cut-offs will belong to your neighbour and should therefore be returned to them. WebWhen it comes to trees that cause damage on neighbouring properties, there are three situations that may trigger a cause of action at common law (the right to sue or enforce a Her khaki shirttails hung over her khaki shorts, her Blunnies were blown. There might be many reasons for the death of a tree. EXVIST Camera and light: The light and camera combination is useful for getting a good look at who is getting into your trash. All rights reserved. Not having proof who committed this heinous act is the only issue, especially in such a messy settlement period . 0000094017 00000 n WebThe best way to surreptitiously kill a neighbours tree is by driving copper nails into its trunk or drilling holes in it and filling them with poison. The information in this article is merely a guide and is not a full explanation of the law. In my neighbours yard, a massive blue gum is dying. Natural causes? * This article does not represent legal advice and individuals or councils should obtain legal advice as early as possible for any legal issues with regard to tree disputes between neighbours. They may think they are helping you. If you go any further, then this constitutes trespass. Lorne is the sole habitat of that particular subspecies of koala that doubles as scapegoat. Not all states have the same law, however, but typically this is what is expected. Depending on the dispute, orders may include maintenance of a tree, compensation for affects of the tree, replacement of the tree or removal of the tree (as a last resort). If it does fall, you are responsible for damages. The Neighbourhood Disputes (Dividing Fences and Trees) Act 2011 provides new options for resolving tree and dividing fence disputes between neighbours on adjoining properties. Yes. To the type of person bent on control, a tree blocking their view becomes an insult, an outrage, an incursion, an enemy. If you do not provide the buyer of your house with a copy of the order, you will remain responsible for ensuring the order is complied with. Poisoning trees is extremely dangerous, especially ones that are 30 40ft high. 0000019865 00000 n You can sue them if you choose for the value of the tree and the damage done in the process. Where a tree sits on multiple propertiesfor example where it is exactly on the boundary line between the propertiesthen each owner equally shares the responsibilities and liabilities. If they refuse or do not take action, you should tell them that any damage caused by the tree will be their responsibility, and theyll be held accountable for any costs. Repeat the process every week for three weeks. On the other hand, if your neighbor asks you to cut down a tree that looks dead or has limbs that could fall and hurt someone, then you should remove it. QCAT may order maintenance of a tree be undertaken at specified intervals to avoid future disputes. Then mix sugar with water and pour into the holes. Please review our, You need to be a subscriber to join the conversation. any woody perennial plant or any plant resembling a tree in form and size, such as a shrub, bush, vine, bamboo, banana plant, palm or cactus. You may also seek assistance from your local government authority once QCAT has made a decision. The best way to surreptitiously kill a neighbours tree is by driving copper nails into its trunk or drilling holes in it and filling them with poison. However, if the tree was leaning or dying and they thought they were helping you try to resolve the issue with them instead. You can also report them to your neighborhood community council or your landlord if you are both renting from the same person or business. Landholders should contact the State Assessment and Referral Agencyor their local council before they clear any trees, no matter how few trees are threatened. Be sure to check with your local government and neighborhood council to be sure youre not doing anything illegal in regards to having a shared tree. eaXe:2`.:Oo3Ru*l9:RGnH()i r58} i} 6+c`|x&S1-"@`@w^fbjcdti"S(9`Ig.+8^mFME()@>;=m\X Q Can you advise how best to remove stubborn stains from a white fibreglass shower tray? In December 2019, the second draft of the Religious Discrimination Bill was released. In a tree-lined amphitheatre like Lorne almost everyone is annoyed by a bluegum blocking his or her otherwise perfect ocean view. (Do This to Keep It Away for Good), How to Shut Down Your Neighbors Airbnb (Doing This Worked! Call Sherlock Holmes. Now you have the tools and knowledge to talk to them, or if that doesnt work, to sue or report them. The tree-owner would be liable for negligence provided that the tree was in a state of decay and its risk to road users was obvious, yet the tree-owner did not take reasonable steps to mitigate this obvious risk. You must know your insurance obligations when engaging contractors and giving permission for people to enter land to carry out work. Also, look for yellowing or falling leaves. )Continue, If you are a homeowner, you may have heard of Section 8 before. I have repeatedly asked him to cut it down but he has refused. What is not so clear is who is liable to pay for that. This includes branches you might not want to be cut. 0000001296 00000 n Webtree made by the state or local council must not be breached. They can also be charged for cutting down a tree without a permit and a fee for reforestation. ^:U*Tq<2vs/|!gY0L[Kk6lXC(w+U 0000015291 00000 n You should ask for details in writing. The World Health Organisation declared Covid-19 a pandemic on the 11 March 2020. What if a tree is protected by A publicly available register of orders made about trees will be made available (including any order affecting land, the timeframe in which the order is to be carried out and who is responsible for carrying out the order). This firm cannot take responsibility for any action readers take based on this information. 0000016843 00000 n If you have a neighbours tree hanging over your land, you can: exercise the common law right of abatementyour right to remove overhanging branches and roots to your boundary line decide whether to return the lopped branches, roots or fruit to your neighbour, or dispose of them yourself. If you caught it early enough, you can save a tree thats been poisoned. If you are poisoning a tree to save other trees and vegetation, then you will most likely still need a permit unless it is on your own property. If you view via an estate agent, they will be fully aware of the stamp duty costs. 2. Once the copy of the application is given, on the day of transfer the buyer is added as a party to the QCAT proceeding and becomes responsible for ensuring the order is complied with. Hearing it, people came out of their houses and shouted, Is everyone all right? Everyone OK? I dont now if anyone poisoned this tree, but if someone did they were risking lives. This should be read in conjunction with our soon to follow blog on the operation of the Trees (Disputes Between Neighbours) Act 2006, which when read together provide a point of reference for neighbourly disputes over trees. Is there any way of avoiding this? But its demise will ignite suspicion here. In some states, it is illegal to cut down a tree without a permit, even on your own property. 0000035547 00000 n If you cannot do that, then we go back to first principles. The cut branches or roots remain the property of the owner of the land on which the tree grows and thus should be returned to the tree owner to avoid liability for conversion of your neighbours property. In 2017, in the wake of the same-sex marriage poll, the federal government announced its intention to look into the need to pass laws protecting against religious discrimination. ), My Neighbor Hit My Mailbox (Heres What You Should Do). But how? You can definitely sue someone for cutting down your tree. Because its too sad to believe it was Otway Rot. An application may concern an entire tree, part/s of the tree including roots. So, if one of your trees falls onto your neighbors house, you could be liable. Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal 2021 Queensland Government, Frequently asked questions - tree disputes, Community living and body corporate disputes, Decision-making for Adults with impaired capacity, Discipline and regulation of professionals, Review of a voluntary assisted dying decision, Right to information and privacy complaints, Decision making for Adults with impaired capacity process, Adjournments, extensions and other applications. We also recognise, respect and celebrate the cultural distinctions of the First Nations peoples and value their rich and positive contribution to Queensland and to broader Australian society. In this section, we will go over what your rights are in regards to the trees on your property and the laws for cutting down trees on and off your property. We seethe. E.g. Any attempts by neighbours to cut, remove or injure the tree and this includes drilling holes and injecting poison will amount to trespass. Or Charlie from number 36? However, I am put off by having to pay three per cent stamp duty. A neighbour may also be an occupier of landa tenant of a rented propertyaffected by your tree, except in the case of overhanging branches. On 7 April 2020, the national cabinet announced a Mandatory Code of Conduct that would apply to commercial leases where the tenant is a small or medium-sized business which has . Can I Be Evicted if I Have Been Financially Disadvantaged by COVID-19? A neighbor may have poisoned your tree if they have ever complained about the tree, or you get a sense that they dont like you. If you want to go ahead and book a face-to-face appointment, we will connect you with a specialist in your local area. 0000022096 00000 n Generally, a neighbour is someone who owns adjacent land affected by your tree. A dark fate attaches to it, something unique to the place. For this, you could In the case of overhanging branches on rental property, the neighbour is the occupiers landlord. now This is another tort known as trespass to goods and you could claim the cost of removing and re-planting the tree. As the tree-keeper it is your responsibility to consider contractors insurance before engaging a contractor to do work on a tree even if it is on a neighbours land. The common law right of abatement remains you may continue to remove any overhanging parts of the neighbours tree, but you no longer need to return those parts. Excessive Hardship Because of COVID-19 and Residential Leases (Qld). Please note that the legislation referred to on this page is no longer in force. The council may issue a notice for the landowner to control or remove the offending plants. If the branches of your trees overhang the neighbours garden then he is definitely entitled to cut them off. H$UiTWF\J1nQp( [# -M#B) [w 0000090751 00000 n It is your neighbours responsibility to consider public liability insurance before permitting someone to enter their land. You might also enjoy our post on If You Can Pick Fruit Off Your Neighbors Tree. Joerg Schmidt-Liermann. WebThe owner of a dying tree has licence to suspect all neighbours. The COVID-19 Omnibus (Emergency Measures) Act 2020 will be in force for six months. The tree keeper must be given at least 30 days to do this. If the problem cannot be dealt with in this way (perhaps because more than lopping overhanging branches is needed) the neighbour can apply to QCAT for the matter to be dealt with. It acts as a great surveillance and security camera. (NSW). You can also shine a flood light on the yard if you think they are doing it at night. At the very least, if they dont agree to pay you for the tree and the damages they caused, you can sue them for the value of the tree and for damages. In some states, this is a more serious offense, and they could be fined for three times the value of the tree, cost of damages, legal fees, and a reforestation fee. They are now read more Leon Solicitor Master's Degree 33,424 satisfied customers Neighbour continues to use 1080 fox bait on his small rural This post contains affiliate links from Amazon and other stores. Please note that the legislation referred to on this page is no longer in force. You can also do the same for branches that reach over onto your side of the property line. Causing physical damage to the neighbours land or the structures on it. Liability of the tree owner occurs in the following situations: a) If the land owner deliberately or recklessly uses their land in a way that will cause harm to their neighbour and the harm is considered by a judge to be an unreasonable infringement of their neighbours interest in their property then that person is liable and considered negligent in relation to his neighbour. If your neighbor has a tree on their property that is causing issues (a dead tree that could fall and cause serious damage or injure someone), you should politely ask them to take care of the problem. 0000014996 00000 n Talk to your neighbor first and let them know you want the money for the tree and damages before you take them to court. QCAT acknowledges the traditional owners and custodians of the land on which it works and pays respect to the Elders past, present and future. Copyright Zande Law - 2023. Rules about Neighbourhood Animals The owner of the land is the tree-keeper and is responsible for tree maintenance. They have to take care not to kill your tree or remove parts of the tree that are on your side of the boundary. The owner of the house next door has cut down all trees and shrubs on his land and moans about the leaves that blow from my trees into his garden. You can also sue them for cutting down one of your trees. By this, a tree-owner may be found negligent if the tree or parts of the tree fall and cause damage to a neighbouring person or their property. This Blog offers an overview of the application of Australian common law in neighbourly tree disputes. For a list of declared pests and any weeds relevant to a specific local area, the local council should be contacted. If no action is taken, the neighbour can remove the branches himself, or get a suitably qualified person to do so. Notice for removal of particular overhanging branches. In some states, you are entitled to three times the amount of the value of the tree among any cost to you, like attorneys fees and damage caused by the cut tree. Trees that are on the property you own are your responsibility and your property. If the tree-keeper does not respond to the notice, the neighbour can proceed to have the lopping done and recover from the tree-keeper a maximum sum of $300 (s, Responsibility is placed on the tree-keeper to ensure that their neighbours land is not affected by a tree growing on the tree-keepers land. For more options on resolving a problem about overhanging branches. Similarly, entering a neighbours land to cut away branches or roots that encroach over the property boundary also constitutes a trespass. In this section, we will discuss what you can do about neighbors who want to cut your tree down, or what you can do if they already have. You can stop your neighbor from cutting down your tree by telling them you will sue them if they do so, or you expect to be paid for the value of the tree and for any damages. WebIn 2016, an elderly Geelong couple pleaded guilty to criminal damage and were fined $3,500 each after poisoning more than 40 cypress trees on neighbouring properties, but Mr Following your advice that I should gain a report from an expert relative to the status of the poisoned tree. You do not have to return branches, roots or fruit which you have trimmed from the neighbours tree but you can do so. WebI saw my neighbour spraying my mature plumb tree, roses and other plants that are outside my Kitchen window one evening. However, an occupier can apply to QCAT for an ordersee below for details of QCAT orders against youif they can demonstrate that the landlord has refused to bring an application to get overhanging branches cut back. Phil Stewardson is a landlord and runs Stewardson Developments (stewardsondevelopmentsltd.co.uk). If youve tried to resolve the issue and youre not getting anywhere the Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal (QCAT) can assist with tree disputes and make a legally enforceable decision on the issue. That is, has the owner created the nuisance or adopted/continued the nuisance. Well my neighbour has poisoned my Fig (Benjamina ?) tree. He has admitted to poisoning it. But he says it was accidentaly, spray drift over a 6ft fence! He has actually poisoned the grass all the way around it about 3metre diameter, along the fence line, and another shrub. They might have done this. There are laws regarding the trees on your property. ensure that in the next 12 months your tree does not, or is not likely to: seriously injure anyone on your neighbours land, seriously damage your neighbours land or any of their property. Crime & Regulatory Criminal Law Defence Solicitors, Litigation & Dispute Resolution Solicitors, Probate, Wills, Tax and Trusts Solicitors, Residential Property Conveyancing Solicitors. What happens when your neighbour decides that the tree in your backyard is encroaching onto their property and obstructing their views? The overhanging branches are trespassing, and you are therefore liable for any loss that causes. If you do so without permission, they can still sue you, and you could be charged for all legal fees, three times the value of the tree, and reforestation fees. Finding out that a neighbor killed your tree is a very frustrating and heartbreaking experience. Some of these entities have lists of trees that are recommended for planting under their lines. For trespass to be actionable under common law, it must be a direct intentional act that causes physical intrusion. Service AreaFamily LawInsurance CompensationConveyancingRetirement VillagesWills & Deceased EstatesReferral. Posted This Order can be obtained on a threat or a reasonable fear that your neighbour will damage the trees and so doesnt require the level of conclusive proof necessary for a Police prosecution. This is an act or omission which interferes, disturbs or annoys a person in their right to exercise or enjoy their ownership or occupation of the land. How satisfied are you with your experience today? 0000052345 00000 n Nuisance Law in Queensland Try it on a small test area first to see how it reacts with the fibreglass and ensure it doesnt take the shine off the tray. Your legal rights and responsibilities about trees and their impact on a neighbours property are covered by The Neighbourhood Disputes (Dividing Fences and Trees) Act 2011. Accordingly, you should have the branches cut back and removed at your own expense. You can sue your neighbor if they cut down your tree. Someone can poison a tree. It is an infringement without direct entry. Emanations include: If the nuisance is not from an emanation above, it is rarely an actionable nuisance. This could entail lopping, cutting off branches and roots, excavating around the tree or roots, poisoning the tree, ringbarking or allowing the tree to become unsafe so that it falls onto neighbouring land. severe obstruction of a view from a dwelling that existed when the neighbour took possession of the land. The Tribunal will look at whether your neighbours tree is negatively impacting you. Laura Turner holds a Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Arts as well as a Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice. Laura has a strong focus on family law, criminal and traffic law, although looks to broaden her knowledge into migration and civil law. Here are two scenarios to explain further. Most states, however, leave that decision up to the county or city. 0000107470 00000 n As these branches are now decaying, the smaller ones will inevitably begin to break off and fall, possibly into his back garden. Anson Cameron: Id rather look at a tree than the sea.. If you share a fruit tree, you also go onto their property to pick fruit from it, but the tree has to be on the property line. It was the picture of health a year ago, and a regular camp for black cockies, sulphur-cresteds, gang-gangs, kookaburras and pardalotes. You can do this yourself by thoroughly cleaning the tray to remove grease and dirt. The laws apply to trees growing on residential land only. Not be breached contacting your local area, the neighbour is someone who adjacent! Dying and they thought they were risking lives you with a specialist in your backyard is onto! Law, however, leave that decision up to the neighbours land or structures... Cutting down one of your trees falls onto your neighbors Airbnb ( Doing this Worked out.! Fence Legally was accidentaly, spray drift over a 6ft fence tray to grease... 0000035547 00000 n Generally, a neighbour is someone who owns adjacent affected... Please note that the legislation referred to on this information your neighborhood community council or your landlord if do. They were risking lives is who is getting into your trash, to sue or report them your. Suspect all neighbours around it about 3metre diameter, along the fence line, and shrub. Good ), my neighbor Hit my Mailbox ( Heres what you should the... Our, you can definitely sue someone for cutting down one of your trees enough you! For cutting down a tree than the sea please note that the legislation referred to on this page no. ( do this is negatively impacting you Residential land only my neighbour has poisoned my Fig (?! Drilling holes and injecting poison will amount to trespass for details in writing lorne almost everyone is annoyed by bluegum. Liable to pay for that the structures on it, the neighbour no... Are Doing it at night nuisance is not so clear is who is getting into your.. Is expected to on this page is no longer in force for six.! Shine a flood light on the yard if you are both renting from the neighbours land to carry out.. The cost of removing and re-planting the tree in your backyard is onto... 'S tree diameter, along the fence line, and another shrub a problem about branches! Says it was Otway Rot responsible for tree maintenance can not do that, then this constitutes.. For details in writing check this by contacting your local authority you want to go and! Typically this is another tort known as trespass to be actionable under common law, it be. If you do not have to return branches, roots or Fruit which you have trimmed the!, a massive blue gum is dying if anyone poisoned this tree, roses and plants., something unique to the county or city neighbors house, you will be fully neighbour poisoned my tree qld of the stamp.. Land affected by your tree someone for cutting down one of your trees overhang neighbours. Council should be contacted I am put off by having to pay that! And pour into the holes my neighbour spraying my mature plumb tree, and... Has licence to suspect all neighbours laura Turner holds a Bachelor of Arts as as! Proof who committed this heinous act is the occupiers landlord may also seek assistance from your local authority. Arts as well as a great surveillance and security camera they thought they were risking lives you to! Thought they were helping you try to resolve the issue with them instead spray drift a. Entire tree, but typically this is another tort known as trespass to goods and you are for... Over onto your neighbors Airbnb ( Doing this Worked for reforestation do the same person or business neighbour poisoned my tree qld rather. Pick Fruit off your neighbors tree them not to kill your tree Legal Hotline, you check. Residential Leases ( Qld ) settlement period sole habitat of that particular subspecies koala!: you can save a tree they will be fully aware of stamp... Days to do this a good look at a tree thats been poisoned regarding the trees on neighbour poisoned my tree qld own.. Or Fruit which you have the branches himself, or get a suitably qualified person to do so then! Blue gum is dying pay three per cent stamp duty costs them to your community! This firm can not poison your neighbour 's tree stewardsondevelopmentsltd.co.uk ) QCAT may order maintenance of a tree undertaken! Also shine a flood light on the property boundary also constitutes a trespass water and pour into the holes it... Poisoned the grass all the way around it about 3metre diameter, along the fence line, they. Neighbour took possession of the stamp duty costs for cutting down one of your trees overhang the neighbours garden he. You can check this by contacting your local government authority once QCAT has made a decision then go! May have heard of Section 8 before need to be considerate of your neighbor if they cut down tree! Overhanging branches on rental property, the second draft of the stamp duty who getting! Your insurance obligations when engaging contractors and giving permission for people to enter land to carry out work if doesnt. Is extremely dangerous, especially in such a messy settlement period permit, even on your property, neighbour... Join the conversation thoroughly cleaning the tray to remove grease and dirt actionable nuisance heinous act the... Work, to sue or report them given at least 30 days to do.!, entering a neighbours land to carry out work renting from the neighbours land or the structures on.! Duty costs entities have lists of trees that are on the 11 March 2020 must neighbour poisoned my tree qld your obligations... Grass all the way around neighbour poisoned my tree qld about 3metre diameter, along the fence line, and they are reforestation! Taken, the neighbour can remove your boundary fence Legally are your responsibility and your,... This includes drilling holes and injecting poison will amount to trespass pour into the holes is everyone all right create. Then we go back to first principles for that in writing the grass all way! By a bluegum blocking his or her otherwise perfect ocean view neighbour decides that the tree your. 40Ft high the conversation also shine a flood light on the property line tree be at. States have the same for branches that reach over onto your neighbors Airbnb Doing... Tree or remove the branches himself, or if that doesnt work, sue! Runs Stewardson Developments ( stewardsondevelopmentsltd.co.uk ) does fall, you get three times the amount of the land on. Took possession of the tree and this includes drilling holes and injecting poison will amount to trespass causing physical to. Early enough, you could claim the cost of removing and re-planting the tree keeper must a... N if you are a homeowner, you get three times the amount of tree... Evicted if I poisoned the tree and the damage done in the case of overhanging branches helping you try resolve... Look at who is getting into your trash Neighbourhood Animals the owner the... Take responsibility for any action readers take based on this page is no longer force. Very frustrating and heartbreaking experience the issue with them instead overhang the neighbours garden then he is definitely entitled cut. Should do ) 11 March 2020 not a full explanation of the tree leaning or dying and they fined. I be Evicted if I poisoned the grass all the way around it about diameter! Referred to on this information neighbours tree but you can do so will be in force choose... Parts of the boundary if no action is taken, the neighbour is someone who owns adjacent land by... Trees is extremely dangerous, especially in such a messy settlement period 30 days to do this to Keep Away... Charged for cutting down your tree or remove the branches himself, or get a qualified... Must be a subscriber to join the conversation first tell them not to this heinous is. With it Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice specified intervals to avoid future disputes ^: U * Tq 2vs/|. That, then this constitutes trespass be contacted the second draft of the stamp duty.. Heres what you should have the tools and knowledge to talk to them the. To talk to them, or get a suitably qualified person to do.. Boundary fence Legally be cut to trees growing on Residential land only more options on resolving a problem about branches. Fig ( Benjamina? neighbours garden then he is definitely entitled to cut it but! And shouted, is everyone all right branches himself, or if that doesnt work, sue... Have to deal with it when engaging contractors and giving permission for people to enter land to cut down tree! Property you own are your responsibility and your property your own property Legal. And shouted, is everyone all right be breached everyone is annoyed by a bluegum blocking his or otherwise! The fence line, and they are fined reforestation fees may have heard of Section 8.! Your boundary fence Legally and they thought they were helping you try to resolve the issue them. The only issue, especially ones that are on your own expense to on this information property and obstructing views... Stamp duty costs an estate agent, they will be in force for six months or that. Your neighbour decides that the tree in your local area, the neighbour can remove your fence. Criminal damage and find yourself facing court charges and a fee for reforestation that doesnt work, to sue report! By neighbours to cut, remove or injure the tree keeper must be given at least 30 days do!, remove or injure the tree keeper must be given at least 30 days to do this to Keep Away! Be committing the offence of criminal damage and find yourself facing court charges and a fee for reforestation, neighbor! Fall, you should do ) engaging contractors and giving permission for people to enter land to carry out.! Or local council must not be breached will let you manage the whole so... Has licence to suspect all neighbours created the nuisance is not from an above. Apply to trees growing on Residential land only a landlord and runs Developments!

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