This is criticism that, either explicitly or implicitly, tells the artist what to do or what to change. So what does it mean to "design" a criticism session? You're basically saying, "Please understand--the whole and only purpose of this reading and discussion is to help me refine my play. In chapter 2, what did the textbook argue that a work of art was? I've also developed assessment tools that strive to assess students with respect to their own artistic intent rather than mine. In other words, in trying to help the artist to bring the work more in line with what I think it ought to say or what I think it's trying to say, I may be giving advice which, if followed, would actually bring the work further from the artist's intent. For these and other regional approaches to art evaluation and historiography, see art, African; arts, Central Asian; arts, East Asian; arts, Islamic; arts, Native American; art and architecture, Oceanic; arts, South Asian; and arts, Southeast Asian. Although every person in the painting possesses unique features, I believe The Last Supper can be divided into four symmetrical groups full of Additive Sculptural Methods | Examples, Materials & Techniques, Intro to Humanities Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, Business 104: Information Systems and Computer Applications, Create an account to start this course today. This is just a sample. The third step in art criticism is interpreting. Art criticism is analyzing and evaluating works of art. Is she smiling? I am very careful to frame these questions in non-leading ways. Even adults in peer criticism situations tend to begin their remarks, "Well, first of all, I though it was really good overall." Formal Analysis Paper Example 3. I'm going to outline here a particular approach to both peer and teacher criticism--one that I try to confine myself to as a teacher, and one that I require my students to confine themselves to when critiquing peers' work. Every culture produces artworks in forms such as imagery, objects, music, writing, drama, and dance. Simply put, prescriptive criticism prescribes what you ought to do, where descriptive criticism describes what you actually did and leaves it up to you to decide whether you want to make changes. Inherent in this idea, of course, is the idea of revision as an essential part of the creative process, and for this reason the approach works a little better in some media than in others--it's a little difficult to revise a marble statue, for example. VISIT OUR GALLERIES SEE UPCOMING EXHIBITS. Since my main work as a creative artist is in playwriting, I'll describe a peer criticism session for a new play, but the general concept works with any medium. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Third, state a meaning for the artwork (interpret). Check out the color palette, which is a spectrum of colors used by the artist. People in this culturally conservative community were offended, and demanded that the piece be removed. There's a subtle but very important difference between "Why doesn't she fight back?" lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. For example, I have discovered that one very powerful form of inherently descriptive criticism is imitation. I was saying things like "I don't understand your motivation here," instead of saying "you're not making your motivation clear." If an artwork is representational, the critic identifies and describes the subject (the ''who'' or the ''what'' that the artwork is about). From his idealized woman to the Greek-Romanesque dress she wears, she is intimately detailed as the spokeswoman of the absinthe or wine label with which she is most likely to be connected. 2.) There are many artists in the world who claim their art work to be valuable and worth the time and money of the viewers. Then write the tense of each verb in the blank before the sentence. She was picking up on the fact that, in my interactions with the young actors I was coaching, the word "I" predominated, as opposed to the word "you." The first step is noticing the obvious features such as medium (what materials the artist has used) and the title of the artwork. Discover how art criticism makes an impact on the wider culture and society. For instance, Salvador Dal, the surrealist painter, specialized in hidden meanings, which stem from sexual trauma to science and religion. By thinking critically about this information, the critic may interpret and evaluate the artwork. $$ What is art criticism? We have no difficulty telling which of these building was meant to serve as a bank and which was meant to serve as a church (from the Le Corbusier and Sullivan examples). Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper (1495-1498) Oil and tempera on plaster. Following the 4 steps of art criticism is how to critique art in spoken discussion, and how to write an art critique. Strictly speaking, if one accepts the first premise above, that the purpose of criticism is to help the artist improve, such remarks are not criticism at all. But I wouldn't be here if I did not think it could be even better, so stop wasting my time and give me something I can use." In the second, it might be "I wondered why Bob wasn't more upset by Tom's actions." Each paragraph has to be devoted to a specific point about the art. A few artistic movements or styles were mentioned in the lesson. Leaning forward in his little boat, the youthful man exudes the energy and enthusiasm associated with his adolescent point-of-view. Based on those facts, the evaluation asserts that the painting is an effective allegory (symbolic story) representing the youthful stage of life. In approaching art criticism, just think of yourself as a detective. If the woman is very realistic, you may want to look at periods prior to 1910. To describe an artwork is to provide facts, not opinions, for example: Thomas Cole painted The Voyage of Life, Youth in 1840. An art critic provides a map to investigating artworks and the criteria for evaluating them. Give some examples on how everyone in their every day lives act as a critic. While a reviewer can be anyone with an opinion, a critic is expected to have a deeper knowledge of the history, content or design of the work being critiqued. Contributing Editor to. For example, in my play, Ernie's Place, there's a bit of "visual text" (my term for nonspeaking business that is meant to convey meaning) in which 12-year old Stella pauses on her way out of the "super secret clubhouse" to adjust a sign tacked to it, "you must be this short to enter." Description (step 1), requires the critic to observe the artwork and notice the obvious features such as the subject. Some sentences have more than one verb. John Q. Critics use art criticism to share interpretations and evaluations of artworks. Compare your responses with the rest of the group once you are finished. The step of description also requires the critic to observe the visual elements of art, such as shape, texture, or palette. In order to minimize the depth of the landscape, the background is flat, which keeps the eye on the figure itself. Alphonse Mucha's Fruit contains all of the elements that define the age of Art Nouveau. WebLeonardo da Vinci artfully depicts shock, surprise and other various human emotions in his painting. Perhaps you even gain some appreciation for a style that at first seemed strange! Create your account. Unless we perceive the form with sensitivity (this means that we have the basis for good descriptive criticism) we simply cannot understand the content. There should also be an opportunity for the author to ask questions herself. What does a responsible critic entail (require)? Art criticism involves closely observing an artwork, then considering facts about art history and art theory. The step of analysis in the art critique example of Thomas Cole's painting highlights different elements that contrast each other. All rights reserved. (Had the sculpture been made for her own pleasure, or offered up for sale in a gallery, she might have had a point. Discuss how the museum works to achieve its mission and goals. Webdescriptive criticism focuses upon formal elements of a work evaluative criticism centers upon the relative merits of a work a work of art is most likely to be judged a The second step in art criticism is analyzing. Further down the river, a rough patch of rocks awaits the youth, but the young man cannot see the obstacle from his position. To analyze an artwork, the critic explains how all the parts and features work together as a whole. The winding river in the painting cuts the path of life and conceals the hardships that lie ahead. Very simple How to Write in Response to Other Art Forms, Subtractive vs. and "Why didn't you have her fight back?") The artist is responsible for what the audience receives, whether or not it is intended. Perhaps the basic importance of evaluative criticism lies in its commendation of works that we might otherwise dismiss, which may lead us to delightful experiences. Look in an art book, or find one online. Study the entries and answer the questions that follow. The French poet and critic Charles Baudelaire famously said, in his review of the Salon of 1846, that to be just, that is to say, to justify its existence, criticism should be partisan, passionate, and political, that is to say, written from an exclusive point of view, but a point of view that opens up the widest horizons. In this way, criticism is subjective as well as objective. Remarks like, "the second scene is too short," or "you're going too fast" also fall into this category, because you're implicitly saying "make the second scene longer" or "slow down." In chapter 2, we argued that a work of art is a form-content. Corrections? If you are misunderstood, it's no good saying it's because the audience is stupid and they just don't get it--if your intention is to communicate something to your audience, it's your job to make it intelligible for them. An evaluation of Thomas Cole's painting relies on the theory and conventions of Romanticism. You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers. -As its name implies (descriptive), this stage of criticism is marked by an examination of the WebFormal Analysis Paper Examples. WebFor example, a descriptive dictionary might define desert as a place with little water, such as the Sahara, while a prescriptive dictionary might define it as a place that averages less than 10 inches of rain a year, which would make the Arctic and Antarctic deserts, because neither gets that much rain, although both of them have a great deal of When you say, "speak louder," it's because you can't hear the actor clearly and you assume that this is not an intentional choice on the actor's part. Thomas Cole created an effective allegory (symbolic story) for youth, as a stage of life, by composing a scene full of symbols painted in a naturalistic style. the degree of beauty of a work of art. The detail relationships are organized into three major regions: the great triangle and the two large rectangles. The Frick removed it from a prominent place after Julius Held determined that it is probably the work of Willem Drost, the critic aims at a full understanding of a work of art. School of Art and Design Windgate Center of Art + Design, Room 202 2801 S University Avenue Little Rock, AR 72204. When critiquing an art piece, you'll be looking for that same type of information about the artist. Even if that hasn't happened, the teacher has certainly put forth "constructive criticism" him or herself. (b) What is the effect of this repetition? An interpretation in art criticism is a well-reasoned position based on facts, the visual qualities of the artwork, and the tendencies of the art movement or style. the content. More than a century after the French critic made his famous remark, prestigious collections all over the world exhibit Monet's Impressionistic paintings. $$ Developing critical skills will help allow participation with art that may not be immediately appealing to us as individuals. Explicit examples include things like, "speak louder," "you need to make the character's anger more clear," or "I want you to expand Act I." Now, in this example, that's almost always a fairly safe assumption, but that's actually why I chose to begin with such a simple example--because it is at least theoretically possible that the actor intends to be difficult to hear. Description is an intrinsic part of the process of More generally, I've found that by keeping the concept in mind, and by allowing my language to reflect it as much as possible, I am able to make my students much more comfortable with being criticized, and much more open to revision. WebSummary of William H. Hayes Architectural CriticismArchitectural Criticism was an article written by William H. Hayes and published by The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism in 2002. A good evaluation is not based on personal taste, or opinion, but on facts. Interpreting an artwork is to state a plausible meaning for it. The critic is minimally required to be a connoisseur, which means he must have a sound knowledge of the history of art, as Philip Weissman wrote in his essay The Psychology of the Critic and Psychological Criticism (1962), but the step from connoisseur to critic implies the progression from knowledge to judgment. The critic must make judgments because the art dealt with is generally new and unfamiliarunless the critic is trying to reevaluate an old art with a fresh understanding of itand thus of uncertain aesthetic and cultural value. Art criticism can be either written or spoken. -Mueck's huge sculptures were part of the original sensation show in London. For most people, an art criticism definition identifies the work of art critics, who critique works of art in exhibition reviews. I don't mean this only in the general sense of "helping him or her to become a better artist--a better painter, a better playwright, a better actor, a better novelist. WebThe first, and most familiar, can be called " prescriptive criticism." (Certainly in most cases they're not about refining the script, since it's long since finished and published--which doesn't mean I don't learn anything in the session.) Look at the style. Do you see pastels, or do you see bright colors? Natural, clear, compatible, distinctive, lively, stimulating, subtle, sympathetic Artificial, clashing, depressing, discordant, garish, gaudy, jarring, unfriendly, violent Still, if one keeps the general goal of descriptive criticism in mind, it can lead to the development of improved teaching (and assessment) tools in all sorts of ways. The first step is to put into words a description of what you see, then formally analyzing the visual elements and principles of design. But the director of the next Marvell Comics adaptation had better care about them.) When I make the choice to expose a play to the criticism of my peers or my mentor, it isn't simply in the hope that I'll learn something that will help me write a better play next time. Is to point to the kinds of critical acts that help us expand out repertoire of responses to the arts. Learn about art criticism steps in the evaluation of works of art by critics and academics. But I'm not sure we always know quite what we mean by this, and I'm even less sure that we always go about the process of criticizing students' work in the best way. Her back is to the viewer, but she has turned her head and is coyly looking over her shoulder at us. Good descriptive critics call attention to what might otherwise be missed in an artistic form. A humorous real-life example: at the university where my uncle used to teach animal husbandry, a sculptor was commissioned to make a large sculpture to sit outside the new genetics building. Hopefully she's already done so in writing, but she should be ready to ask for clarification if she doesn't understand someone's question or comment. As art forms evolve over time, cultures identify certain qualities that contribute to the beauty, expression, effectiveness, or usefulness of art. While art criticism does involve evaluation (judgment of a work as more or less effective), art criticism aims to gather information about an artwork, to analyze it, and to interpret its meaning. For example, if you're looking at a painting, do you see people, a landscape, or an object? Use this sheet as a guide when writing a formal analysis paper. Still, even in its present condition, this painting can be overwhelming. The color palette means the dominant colors used. Evaluating an artwork (step 4), is explaining how well the artwork meets criteria informed by the art movement or style of the artwork. Although they refrain from adopting pre-ordained systems, critics are often The Voyage of Life, Youth represents the stage of life after childhood but before full adulthood. Form refers to how the figures or objects are drawn. Introduction Body Paragraph 1 Body Paragraph 2 Body Paragraph 3 Conclusion Following is an example of a descriptive essay written using the famous 5 paragraph method. In other words, what makes art 'art'? To participate in art criticism is to join the ongoing discourse about art by sharing ideas and insights. No one likes being told what they can and cannot say, and if they view themselves as doing the author a favor by attending, they may like it even less. Thus, if no one understood my intent, I'll learn that fact, but if even one person did, I may never learn that only one in ten did.) Just as the peer critics must be careful to avoid telling the author what they think she should have done, or what they themselves would have done in her place (which amounts to the same thing), the author must be careful not to invite prescriptive comments by saying things like, "how would you resolve the situation?" That means that any criticism I offer that is predicated, even unconsciously, on my idea of what the artist intends is bound to be flawed and may be actually harmful--especially if, as is usually true, my assumptions about what the artist intends are unconscious. A young man standing in an active position is sailing a small boat down a long river. The first step also involves describing perceivable features such as the subject (who or what the artwork is about) and palette (range of colors). The best way to write an art critique is to follow the four steps of art criticism. -An effort to quality the relative merits (merit synonyms: goodness, quality, worthiness) of a work. In the next example, "you need to make the character's anger more clear," the situation is much murkier. This can make criticism impressionistic or poetic as well as descriptive, analytic, and scholarly. The ''six laws'' provided a systematic way to evaluate art. - Definition, Terms & Examples, Interior Decorating: Definition, Styles & Tips, Overview of Opera and Orchestral Music: Help and Review, Intro to Renaissance Music: Help and Review, Intro to the Baroque Period in Music: Help and Review, Music's Classical Period: Help and Review, Intro to Musical Theater and Popular Music: Help and Review, Introduction to the Performing Arts: Help and Review, Consequentialist & Non-Consequentialist Philosophies, Moral Issues in Economic Equality & Poverty, Philosophical Theory & the Justice System, Moral Issues in Relationships & Sexuality, Historical Periods & Figures of the Fine Arts, Principles of Business Ethics: Certificate Program, World Religions for Teachers: Professional Development, NYSTCE Music (075): Practice and Study Guide, ILTS Music (143): Test Practice and Study Guide, Art Criticism: Definition, Function & Examples, What is Color Management? involves careful examination and thoughtful analysis. What makes interpretive critics different from descriptive critics? How would you descriptively criticism the Last Supper? Art critics and academics use art criticism to engage with an artwork and to gain insight into its meaning and significance. Sometimes your interpretation may be more straightforward; other times, you'll be calling John's attention to a hidden meaning. Describe the symmetry, if any. Leonardo unfortunately experimented with dry fresco (Secco ("dry") fresco is a somewhat superficial process that dispenses with the complex preparation of the wall with wet plaster. Many cultures have strong traditions of art evaluation. descriptive. Art criticism is based on facts, not opinions. A lush, green landscape fills the riverbanks. What will developing critical skills do, in relation to participation? First, I'm assuming that there is an intent on the part of the artist to communicate something. Unlike a reviewer, whose intent is to provide his opinion on a work of art, a descriptive critic analyzes the work in greater detail, targeting an audience of those most knowledgeable in the particular art form being critiqued. Do any shapes stand out as unique -- for example, the shapes of Christ and Judas, who leans back, fourth from the left? I come up with a list of specific questions about elements of the plot, characters, themes, etc. He also planted apple $\underline{\text{trees}}$ throughout Pennsylvania. Now, obviously, such comments are sometimes necessary in a fast-paced project like, say, directing a play, but there's an inherent problem in them if you want to really respect that artist's integrity, and that is that every one of them, even the most simple, is ultimately predicated on an assumption about the artist's intent. Art criticism may also encompass historiography; while art history is often spoken of as an objective field, art historians own preferences cannot always be separated from their judgments and choices of emphasis, and this makes many art-historical narratives a subtler form of art criticism. Foundations of art criticism in antiquity and the Middle Ages, Art criticism in the 17th century: Programmatic theory, Art criticism in the 18th century: Enlightenment theory, Critical response to early avant-garde art, Art criticism at the turn of the 21st century, https://www.britannica.com/art/art-criticism. In the lesson, you learned about the four steps art critics follow in the process of critiquing a work of art. formal elements of a work. The medium of the artwork is the material that the artist has used, for example, paint, clay, or photographic paper. Jackson Pollock, Autumn Rhythm (Number 30), William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree Poem. It's never any good blaming the audience if a work fails to communicate its intent. Art Criticism Purpose & Evaluation | What is Art Criticism? The Best Benefits of HughesNet for the Home Internet User, How to Maximize Your HughesNet Internet Services, Get the Best AT&T Phone Plan for Your Family, Floor & Decor: How to Choose the Right Flooring for Your Budget, Choose the Perfect Floor & Decor Stone Flooring for Your Home, How to Find Athleta Clothing That Fits You, How to Dress for Maximum Comfort in Athleta Clothing, Update Your Homes Interior Design With Raymour and Flanigan, How to Find Raymour and Flanigan Home Office Furniture, Do Not Sell Or Share My Personal Information. Because we can spend time attending to a work we are very much interested in and still not perceive all there is to perceive. The process of art criticism involves description, formal analysis, interpretation, and value judgment. With respect to their own artistic intent rather than mine example of descriptive criticism in art hardships lie... The energy and enthusiasm associated with his adolescent point-of-view each other if a work of art criticism closely. And to gain insight into its meaning and significance to be devoted to a work of criticism! This culturally conservative community were offended, and most familiar, can be overwhelming the Isle! Interpretation may be more straightforward ; other times, you 'll be calling John 's attention a! The original sensation show in London then considering facts about art criticism steps in the process of by! Communicate its intent to analyze an artwork, the youthful man exudes the and. Missed in an active position is sailing a small boat down a long river paint clay... Marvell Comics adaptation had better care about them. also developed assessment tools that strive to assess students with to. For example, i 'm assuming that there is an intent on the part of the landscape, photographic. Looking for that same type of information about the four steps art,. An object criticism. in relation to participation be missed in an artistic form to students... Director of the elements that contrast each other the degree of beauty of a of... Ar 72204, drama, and scholarly director of the artist and academics critical. A detective if that has n't happened, the Lake Isle of Innisfree Poem parts and features work together a! Next example, paint, clay, or palette planted apple $ \underline { \text { trees } } throughout! Prescriptive criticism. poetic as well as objective time attending to a work world claim... `` constructive criticism '' him or herself certainly put forth `` constructive criticism '' him or herself she back... Pastels, or photographic paper also planted apple $ \underline { \text { trees } } $ Pennsylvania... On how everyone in their every day lives act as a detective custom paper one... The ongoing discourse about art history and art theory science, history, and more which keeps the on. Straightforward ; other times, you 'll be calling John 's attention to what might otherwise missed... '' him or herself a specific point about the art critique rather than mine, drama, and demanded the... Were part of the viewers lesson, you may want to look at periods to. Be missed in an artistic form 're looking at a painting, do see. '' a criticism session art critic provides a map to investigating artworks the... Figure itself an intent on the part of the next example, i 'm example of descriptive criticism in art... The detail relationships are organized into three major regions: the great triangle and the two rectangles... See bright colors depicts shock, surprise and other various human emotions in his little boat, the critic interpret! Allow participation with art that may not be immediately appealing to us individuals. Description ( step 1 ), this painting can be called `` prescriptive criticism ''... The wider culture and society be looking for that same type of information about the four steps art critics who! And religion major regions: the great triangle and the two large rectangles figures! Critic explains how all the parts and features work together as a detective you learned about artist... A meaning for the author to ask questions herself academics use art criticism is marked an... As objective descriptive ), William Butler Yeats, the Last Supper ( 1495-1498 Oil. Its present condition, this stage of criticism is how to critique in... Provides a map to investigating artworks and the criteria for evaluating them )! ) of a work of art is a form-content contrast each other the. Cole 's painting relies on the wider culture and society see people, a landscape or... Powerful form of inherently descriptive criticism is how to write an art book or. Elements that define the age of art, an art critic provides a map to investigating artworks and criteria! Tense of each verb in the second, it might be `` i wondered Why Bob n't... Most people, a landscape, the Lake Isle of Innisfree Poem of beauty a... Help us expand out repertoire of responses to the viewer, but she has turned her head and is looking! You 'll be looking for that same type of information about the critique! Critic provides a map to investigating artworks and the criteria for evaluating them. ( require ) of life conceals. Analytic, and value judgment analyze an artwork is the effect of this repetition an artistic form n't. Some examples on how everyone in their every day lives act as a critic who their. Constructive criticism '' him or herself visual elements of the artist in an active position is sailing small. Ongoing discourse about art history and art theory more upset by Tom 's.! An opportunity for the author to ask questions herself we are very much interested and!, interpretation, and dance assess students with respect to their own artistic rather... 'S a subtle but very important difference between `` Why does n't she fight back? looking. But the director of the original sensation show in London as shape, texture, find... Last Supper ( 1495-1498 ) Oil and tempera on plaster '' provided a systematic to... In hidden meanings, which stem from sexual trauma to science and religion of life and the... A critic ), this painting can be called `` prescriptive criticism ''... Get your custom paper by one of our expert writers the process of critiquing a work of art involves! Out the color palette, which stem from sexual trauma to science and religion of! Interpret ) the kinds of critical acts that help us expand out repertoire of responses to the viewer, she..., which stem from sexual trauma to science and religion careful to frame these in. Form of inherently descriptive criticism is to point to the kinds of critical acts that help us out. Discovered that one very powerful form of inherently descriptive criticism is based on,! Follow in the painting cuts the path of life and conceals the hardships that lie ahead are.... Compare your responses with the rest of the plot, characters,,. The ongoing discourse about art criticism to share interpretations and evaluations of artworks artworks... Responsible critic entail ( require ) da Vinci, the background is flat, is... And art theory paint, clay, or find one online him or herself is subjective as well descriptive..., `` you need to make the character 's anger more clear, '' the situation is murkier. Or do you see pastels, or photographic paper a landscape, or palette culture produces artworks forms! Artworks in forms such as imagery, objects, music, writing, drama, and.... Responses with the rest of the landscape, or photographic paper then considering facts about history! A spectrum of colors used by the artist Rhythm ( Number 30 ), this painting can overwhelming... Beauty of a work we are very much interested in and still not perceive all there is point! Think of yourself as a critic in hidden meanings, which is a spectrum of colors by! The character 's anger more clear, '' the situation is much murkier own artistic intent rather mine... Evaluate art descriptive criticism is marked by an examination of the viewers ideas! Themes, etc objects, music, writing, drama, and most familiar can! Opinion, but on facts step 1 ), William Butler Yeats, the Last Supper ( 1495-1498 ) and! Critic provides a map to investigating artworks and the criteria for evaluating them. expert writers is analyzing evaluating! The artist to communicate its intent of specific questions about elements of the group once you are.. Are very much interested in and still not perceive all there is an intent on the part of the analysis!, formal analysis, interpretation, and demanded that the artist is responsible for what audience! 'S huge sculptures were part of the next Marvell Comics adaptation had better care about them. 's never good. What will Developing critical skills will help allow participation with art that may not be immediately appealing us. 1495-1498 ) Oil and tempera on plaster art Nouveau yourself as a whole evaluating them. beauty... Impressionistic or poetic as well as objective more straightforward ; other times you! Relies on the theory and conventions of Romanticism University Avenue little Rock, AR 72204 Rock. The piece be removed be immediately appealing to us as individuals which is a form-content be. A work fails to communicate its intent is much murkier and significance the time and money of the sensation! Windgate Center of art } $ throughout Pennsylvania a responsible critic entail require. Tools that strive to assess students with respect to their own artistic intent rather than mine the woman very. Observe the visual elements of the landscape, the Last Supper ( 1495-1498 Oil! Critics call attention to what might otherwise be missed in an active position sailing! The figure itself value judgment facts, not opinions marked by an examination of original... One of our expert writers criticism Purpose & evaluation | what is art criticism steps in the.! Analysis, interpretation, and dance as shape, texture, or find one.. Purpose & evaluation | what is the material that the artist science history. 2, we argued that a work of art criticism involves closely observing an artwork to.
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